Psychologists A-M

Solomon Asch

• “The pioneer of Gestalt psychology and Social psychology”
• Best known for his experiments in social conformity – Asch conformity experiments and Asch Paradigms
• They showed the effects of social pressure on conformity (“Solomon Asch,” 2014).

Carol Dweck

• Self theory of motivation: achievement is linked to personality factors, including ones view of self which affects the perception of success or failure

Erik Erikson

• German-American developmental psychologist
• Known for his theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span (psychological development)

Gustav Fechner

• MD, Physicist
• Early perception studies formed a foundation for experimentation in psychology
• He applied the scientific method to the research of behavior and mind.

Sigmund Freud

• Psychoanalysis
• Insight therapy
• Treated fears and anxieties
• Emphasis on unconscious and early childhood
• Founder of the psychoanalytic movement in psychology (id, ego, superego)

Howard Gardener

• Gardners Theory: theory of multiple intelligences; ogic and Knowledge are different aspects of intelligence along with other several abilities (new idea)

Richard Lazarus

• Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Approach; Appraisal of stressor is major factor in level of stress we experience
• Helped develop the study of emotion and stress and how they related to cognition.

Elizabeth Loftus

• Researched a lot on memory and false memories
• Showed that what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event
• Demonstrated that eyewitness testimony is not always reliable

Abraham Maslow

• American psychologist
• Created Maslow’s hierarchy of needs –“motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid” (McLeod, 2018).

Stanley Milgram

• Influenced by Solomon Asch
• The Milgram Shock Experiment – looked at the “conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience” (McLeod, 2017)