Psychologists N-Z

Ivan Pavlov

• Russian physiologist (person who studies the workings of the body)
• discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs

• Became famous for demanding that the mentally ill be treated with kindness, personally unlocking the chains of inmates in France

Plato

• Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge

Carl Rogers

• known for his “influential psychotherapy method known as client-centered therapy” (Cherry, 2019)
• Person-centered therapy: a nondirective insight therapy in which the client does all the talking and the therapist listens

B.F. Skinner

• Operant conditioning
• reinforcement and punishment
• behaviorist

Charles Spearman

• known for his work in statistics and intelligence
• Spearman’s Theory: saw intelligence as being of two different abilities…g factor: the ability to reason and solve problems; general intelligence…s factor: the ability to excel in certain areas; specific intelligence, music, business, or art

Lewis Terman

• conducted a longitudinal study that demonstrated that gifted children grow up to be successful adults, for the most part.
• Terman’s study has been criticized for a lack of objectivity, because he became too involved in the lives of his “Termites”, even to the point of interfering on their behalf.
• Published intelligence tests in the U.S.

Edward Titchener

• studied the structures of the mind (structuralism)
• break experience into emotions and sensations
• studied under Wilhelm Wundt

Margaret Washburn

• Titchener’s student
• first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology (1894)
• studied animal behavior and motor theory development
• author of The Animal M

David Wecshler

• Wechsler Intelligence Tests: yield a verbal score and a performance score, as well as an overall score of intelligence
• Measured on the intelligence scales: Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS) and Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC)

William Wundt

• The Father of Psychology
• created the first psychology lab in Germany (1879)
• Analyzed the content of one’s mind through objective introspection
• first person ever to call himself a psychologist